| Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles | 
 The adoption of Topic 606 resulted in the following changes to our opening balance sheet: 
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| (dollars in thousands) | 
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Balance at September 30, 2018 | 
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Adjustments due to adoption of new standard | 
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Opening balance at October 1, 2018 | 
 
| Assets | 
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| Accounts receivable - unbilled | 
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$ | 
31,536  | 
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$ | 
35,414  | 
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$ | 
66,950  | 
 
| Deferred income taxes | 
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6,834  | 
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(6,625) | 
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209  | 
 
| Liabilities and shareholders' equity | 
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| Deferred revenue - current | 
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51,182  | 
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(11,767) | 
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39,415  | 
 
| Deferred income taxes - long-term | 
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26,377  | 
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7,074  | 
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33,451  | 
 
| Retained earnings | 
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633,281  | 
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32,929  | 
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666,210  | 
 
| Noncontrolling interests | 
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2,552  | 
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553  | 
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3,105  | 
 
  
   
The table below shows the effects of the adoption of Topic 606 on our consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2019.  
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Three months ended June 30, 2019 | 
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Nine months ended June 30, 2019 | 
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| (dollars in thousands) | 
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Balance under previous accounting guidance | 
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Adjustments due to adoption of new standard | 
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Balance as reported | 
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Balance under previous accounting guidance | 
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Adjustments due to adoption of new standard | 
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Balance as reported | 
 
| Revenue | 
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$ | 
728,420  | 
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$ | 
2,290  | 
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$ | 
730,710  | 
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$ | 
2,127,792  | 
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$ | 
4,057  | 
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$ | 
2,131,849  | 
 
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| Income before income taxes | 
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81,440  | 
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2,290  | 
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83,730  | 
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235,908  | 
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4,057  | 
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239,965  | 
 
| Provision for income taxes | 
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20,031  | 
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734  | 
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20,765  | 
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58,008  | 
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1,503  | 
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59,511  | 
 
| Net income | 
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61,409  | 
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1,556  | 
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62,965  | 
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177,900  | 
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2,554  | 
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180,454  | 
 
| (Loss)/income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 
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(91) | 
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158  | 
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67  | 
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(929) | 
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648  | 
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(281) | 
 
| Net income attributable to MAXIMUS | 
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$ | 
61,500  | 
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$ | 
1,398  | 
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$ | 
62,898  | 
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$ | 
178,829  | 
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$ | 
1,906  | 
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$ | 
180,735  | 
 
  
The effect on our balance sheet would have been as follows: 
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| (dollars in thousands) | 
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Balance at June 30, 2019 under previous accounting guidance | 
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Adjustments due to adoption of new standard | 
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Balance at June 30, 2019 as reported | 
 
| Assets | 
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| Accounts receivable - unbilled | 
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$ | 
56,341  | 
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$ | 
37,761  | 
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$ | 
94,102  | 
 
| Deferred income taxes | 
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7,199  | 
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(6,582) | 
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617  | 
 
| Liabilities and shareholders' equity | 
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| Deferred revenue - current | 
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53,032  | 
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(12,081) | 
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40,951  | 
 
| Deferred income taxes - long-term | 
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37,195  | 
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7,574  | 
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44,769  | 
 
| Common stock | 
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501,983  | 
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1,201  | 
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503,184  | 
 
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | 
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(40,112) | 
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(998) | 
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(41,110) | 
 
| Retained earnings | 
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716,887  | 
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35,483  | 
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752,370  | 
 
| Noncontrolling interests | 
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455  | 
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—  | 
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455  | 
 
  
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| Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles | 
 Accordingly, we have presented our consolidated statement of cash flows using the new rules for all periods shown. Our balances for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are as follows: 
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Balance as of | 
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| (dollars in thousands) | 
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June 30, 2019 | 
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September 30, 2018 | 
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June 30, 2018 | 
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September 30, 2017 | 
 
| Cash and cash equivalents | 
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$ | 
71,084  | 
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$ | 
349,245  | 
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$ | 
229,021  | 
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$ | 
166,252  | 
 
| Restricted cash (recorded within "other current assets") | 
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7,885  | 
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7,314  | 
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13,323  | 
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13,475  | 
 
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 
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$ | 
78,969  | 
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$ | 
356,559  | 
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$ | 
242,344  | 
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$ | 
179,727  | 
 
  
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